嗜酸乳杆菌亚油酸异构酶在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

以嗜酸乳杆菌AS1.1854来源的亚油酸异构酶基因为模板,用PCR方法扩增目的片段,并克隆到pMD19T载体.经双限制性酶切的pMD19T-LAI和载体pPICZαA连接转化得到重组质粒pPICZαA-LAI.将阳性重组质粒用sac Ⅰ进行线性化后,经化学法转化毕赤酵母GS115.提取重组酵母GS 115/pPICZαA - LAI基因组,利用交叉引物通过PCR方法筛选重组子.阳性毕赤酵母GS115/pPlCZαA-LAI经1％甲醇诱导,分泌表达出相对分子质量为69 000亚油酸异构酶.经测定发酵上清酶活力为0.107 U,未破碎重组酵母酶活力0.08 U.     

Improving the oxidative stability of polyunsaturated vegetable oils by blending with high-oleic sunflower oil

Mixing different proportions of high-oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) with polyunsaturated vegetable oils provides a simple method to prepare more stable edible oils with a wide range of desired fatty acid composition. Oxidative stability of soybean, canola and corn oils, blended with different proportions of HOSO to lower the respective levels of linolenate and linoleate, was evaluated at 60°C. Oxidation was determined by two methods: peroxide value and volatiles (hexanal and propanal) by static headspace capillary gas chromatography. Determination of hexanal and propanal in mixtures of vegetable oils provided a sensitive index of linoleate and linolenate oxidation, respectively. Our evaluations demonstrated that all-cis oil compositions of improved oxidative stability can be formulated by blening soybean, canola and corn oils with different proportions of HOSO. On the basis of peroxide values, a partially hydrogenated soybean oil containing 4.5% linolenate was more stable than the mixture of soybean oil and HOSO containing 4.5% linolenate. However, on the basis of volatile analysis, mixtures of soybean and HOSO containing 2.0 and 4.5% linolenate were equivalent or better in oxidative stability than the hydrogenated soybean oil. Mixtures of canola oil and HOSO containing 1 and 2% linolenate had the same or better oxidative stability than did the hydrogenated canola oil containing 1% linolenate. These studies suggest that we can obviate catalytic hydrogenation of linolenate-containing vegetable oils by blending with HOSO. Presented at the AOCS/JOCS joint meeting, Anaheim, CA, April 25–29, 1993.     

正十六烷和亚油酸甲酯-正十六烷系统凝固过程的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法,研究了正十六烷体系和添加了亚油酸甲酯分子的正十六烷混合体系的凝点变化及凝固前后的微观结构变化信息。研究表明,添加亚油酸甲酯后,正十六烷系统的凝点有所下降,且下降值随添加量增加而增加。计算了不同温度下正十六烷的链头尾距。发现,随着温度的下降,链头尾距均由较为无序的分布逐渐转化以全伸展为主的较为有序的分布,这与混乱度随温度降低而降低的热力学原理相一致。添加亚油酸甲酯后,由于其链中具有两个顺式双键构象和近似块状的酯基结构,使得其周围的正十六烷分子链的结构发生微变,即仍保持一定的弯曲度,从而使混合系统在低温下仍可保持一定的流动性,凝点也相应降低。     

The effect of silylation on titanium-containing silica catalysts for the epoxidation of functionalised molecules

The epoxidation of functionalised substrates of interest as fine chemicals using mesoporous titanium-containing silicas is here reported and the role of silylation in changing the surface hydrophilic character of these catalysts is investigated. The silylation procedure was carried out on two titanium-grafted silicas with different morphologies. An ordered MCM-41 and a non-ordered commercial mesoporous silica were used as supports. The reactivity of bulky substrates with different characteristics (limonene, -terpineol, carveol and methyl linoleate) is studied and compared. The effect of silylation is more pronounced on Ti–MCM-41 than with low-surface area Ti–SiO₂ and it is shown that the catalytic performances are strongly dependent on the nature of the reactant. Purely alkenic molecules show better reactivity over silylated catalysts than over non-silylated ones. On the other hand, a hydrophilic environment around the titanium active sites has often a beneficial effect in the epoxidation of richly functionalised substrates.     

植物乳杆菌P8亚油酸异构酶基因及其上游非编码区的克隆与分析

依据GenBank中已公布的亚油酸异构酶基因,设计一对特异性引物,PCR扩增该基因后,克隆到T载体上并转化到Trans1-T1感受态细胞中。经菌落PCR鉴定和序列分析表明,亚油酸异构酶基因大小为1720bp。该基因与植物乳杆菌AS1.555(DQ227322)的同源性达到99%,与泡菜植物乳杆菌(DQ010331)的同源性达到89%。该基因序列在GenBank上注册,编号为HM569265,对其进行生物信息学分析发现,基因中含有一段低复杂性区域。分析乳酸杆菌(CP001617)基因组全序列,设计了亚油酸异构酶基因上游非编码区805bp片段的特异性引物,PCR扩增该片段后将其克隆到T载体上并转化到Trans1-T1感受态细胞中。经菌落PCR鉴定后,进行序列分析和生物信息学的初步分析,预测出该片段中有12个基序,以及6个转录调控元件。     

固定化亚油酸异构酶制备及其性质

以海藻酸钠、壳聚糖为载体,分别采用直接包埋、交联-包埋法制备固定化亚油酸异构酶;研究酶的固定化条件和固定化酶的部分性质。结果表明：以海藻酸钠为载体,采用交联-包埋法以戊二醛为交联剂时固定化效果较好;最佳固定化条件为：海藻酸钠质量浓度为3g/100mL,戊二醛质量浓度为0.3g/100mL,CaCl2质量浓度为2g/100mL;固定化酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH值为5.0;与游离酶相比,固定化酶的热稳定性显著提高,温度在20～60℃之间较稳定,pH值在2～8之间表现出较好的酸碱耐受性;固定化亚油酸异构酶的Km为0.36mg/mL。连续操作6次固定化相对酶活力仍保持70.6%,与游离酶相比,固定化亚油酸异构酶催化效率约提高了50%。     

嗜酸乳杆菌亚油酸异构酶活力测定的研究

亚油酸异构酶能催化亚油酸转化为具有生理活性的共轭亚油酸。有关该酶活力的测定方法在国内外不同的文献中差别较大,尚没有统一的方法。本文对嗜酸乳杆菌亚油酸异构酶活力的测定方法进行了研究,以期为该酶分离纯化过程中酶活力的测定提供参考。通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定了该酶的最佳酶反应条件为:粗酶液添加量0.10ml,亚油酸0.70ml,Tween-802.00ml,反应温度37℃,反应时间3h。     

α‐, γ‐ and δ‐ Tocopherols as inhibitors of isomerization and decomposition of cis,trans methyl linoleate hydroperoxides

The effects of α‐, γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols on the stability and decomposition reactions of lipid hydroperoxides were studied. Isomerization and decomposition of cis,trans methyl linoleate hydroperoxides (cis,trans ML‐OOH) in hexadecane at 40 °C were followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Due to its higher hydrogen donating ability, α‐tocopherol was more efficient than γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols in inhibiting the isomerization of cis,trans ML‐OOH to trans,trans ML‐OOH. α‐Tocopherol stabilized hydroperoxides into the cis,trans configuration, whereas γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols allowed hydroperoxides to convert into trans,trans isomers. Thus, the biological importance of α‐tocopherol as compared to other tocopherols may be partly due to its better efficacy in protecting the cis,trans configuration of hydroperoxides formed, for example, in the enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The isomeric configuration of hydroperoxides has an impact on biological activities of further oxidation products of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Paradoxically, the order of activity of tocopherols with regard to hydroperoxide decomposition was different from that obtained for hydroperoxide isomerization. γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols were more efficient inhibitors of ML‐OOH decomposition when compared to α‐tocopherol. A loss of antioxidant efficiency, observed as the tocopherol concentration increased from 2 to 20 mM, was highest for α‐tocopherol but was also evident for γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols. Thus, the differences in the relative effects of tocopherols at differing concentrations seem to result from a compromise between their radical scavenging efficiency and participation in side reactions of peroxidizing nature.     

复合催化剂在油酸豆甾醇酯合成中的应用

以油酸和豆甾醇为原料,研究了以硫酸氢钾-金属氧化物为组合的复合催化剂在酯化合成中的应用。首先,通过与其他硫酸盐的酯化效果进行比较,筛选出KHSO4是适用于酯化合成中高效且安全的催化剂,并将其和不同的金属氧化物进行组合作为复合催化剂进一步探究酯化效果。通过实验结果比较,得到KHSO4-Zn O作催化剂的酯化率最高。然后,将KHSO4-Zn O作为复合催化剂,针对催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间、酸醇摩尔比等因素进行考察,探究油酸和豆甾醇的最佳酯化条件。得到最佳工艺条件为:在通高纯氮气条件下,选用3.0%KHSO4+1.0%Zn O(以豆甾醇的质量分数计)为催化剂,油酸和豆甾醇的摩尔比为1.8:1,反应的温度为150℃,反应的时间为7 h,酯化率达到92.17%。本工艺利用KHSO4-Zn O作为复合催化剂,得到较高的酯化率,实现了一条合成油酸豆甾醇酯的新工艺路线。     

New manganese-based catalyst systems for alkyd paint drying

The autoxidation and oligomerisation of ethyl linoleate (EL) catalyzed by manganese salts in combination with several Schiff-base ligands has been studied making use of time-resolved FT-IR spectroscopy. The results indicate that several of the combinations exhibit relatively high catalytic activity for the autoxidation of EL. One of the catalyst systems was studied in more detail. The reaction between MnCl₂·2H₂O and the Schiff-base ligand (L4) formed by the condensation of 2-pyridinealdehyde and 2-aminopyridine has been studied to clarify the catalytic reaction process. It was found that the Schiff-base ligand L4 reacts with water and the tridentate ligand (2-pyridyl)(2-pyridylamino)methanol (HOL4) is formed. A single crystal structure of [Mn^III(OL4)₂]Cl·3H₂O has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods.